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So shall it be with my father: he shall be called a prince over his posterity, holding the keys of the patriarchal priesthood over the kingdom of God on earth, even the Church of the Latter Day Saints, and he shall sit in the general assembly of patriarchs, even in council with the Ancient of Days when he shall sit and all the patriarchs with him and shall enjoy his right and authority under the direction of the Ancient of Days. |
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HOLLAND, Queen Bertha
1054 - 1094 (40 years) 
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Name HOLLAND, Bertha Prefix Queen Birth 1054 Vlaardingen, Holland, Netherland 
Gender Female Burial Oct 1094 Death 15 Oct 1094 Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais, France WAC 25 Oct 1933 _TAG Reviewed on FS Headstones 
Submit Headstone Photo Person ID I32519 Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith Last Modified 19 Aug 2021
Father HOLLAND, Count Floris , b. Abt 1017, Vlaardingen, Holland, Nethersland Vlaardingen, Holland, Netherslandd. 28 Jun 1061, Nederhemert, Gelderland, Netherlands (Age 44 years) Mother SAXONY, Princess Gertrude , b. 1028, Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germanyd. 4 Aug 1113, Schweinfurt, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany (Age 85 years) Marriage Abt 1050 Family ID F16343 Group Sheet | Family Chart
Family FRANCE, King Philippe I , b. 19 Apr 1053, Champaigne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France Champaigne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, Franced. 29 Jul 1108, Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France (Age 55 years) Marriage 1071 France Notes - MARRIAGE: Also shown as Married 1071/1072
Children4 sons and 1 daughter Family ID F15273 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 24 Jan 2022
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Notes - Berthe de Hollande ou encore Berthe de Frise (née vers 1058 - morte le 30 juillet 1093 à Montreuil), est reine des Francs par son mariage avec Philippe Ier, roi de France.
Berthe de Frise est la fille de Florent Ier, comte de Frise occidentale et de Gertrude de Saxe. Elle est la mère de Louis VI de France. Répudiée par son époux Philippe Ier, elle est morte au château de Montreuil, le 30 juillet 1093.
Reine de France par une bataille
Son père mort en 1061, sa mère se remarie avec Robert, fils cadet de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, qui assure la tutelle de ses beaux-enfants et la régence de la Frise occidentale, il est surnommé Robert le Frison pour cette raison. En 1071, Thierry V, le frère aîné de Berthe, devient majeur et gouverne la Frise, en prenant le titre de comte de Hollande.
Depuis la mort, survenue en 1070, de Baudouin VI de Flandre, le frère aîné de Robert, sa veuve Richilde de Hainaut suscite le mécontentement des Flamands. Robert le Frison prend la tête de la révolte, bat Richilde et son fils, le comte Arnoul III, et s'empare de Lille. Richilde demande assistance au roi de France, Philippe Ier, qui vient à la tête d'une armée. Le 22 février 1071, Robert bat Philippe à Bavinckhove, près du mont Cassel où Arnoul III est tué au cours de la bataille. Robert le Frison devient comte de Flandre, au détriment de son neveu, Baudouin II de Hainaut, fils cadet de Baudouin VI et de Richilde.
Pour sa première action militaire, le roi Philippe est vaincu par un vassal révolté. Les troupes royales n'ont guère montré de qualités militaires, il ne reste qu'à sauver par d'habile négociation la dynastie, l'honneur et le prestige. Reconnaissant Robert le Frison comme comte de Flandre, les conseillers du jeune Philippe Ier imposent la paix, scellée par son mariage avec Berthe, la belle-fille de Robert.
Berthe de Hollande se mariant avec le roi Philippe Ier.
Le mariage est célébré en 1072, mais le premier enfant ne naît qu'au bout de six ans. Le couple a cinq enfants :
Constance (née vers 1078 - morte en 1126) épouse d'Hugues Ier, comte de Champagne, puis de Bohémond Ier d'Antioche,
Louis (né en 1081 - mort en 1137), futur roi de France sous le nom de Louis VI le Gros,
Henri (né en 1083 - mort jeune),
Charles (né en 1085 - mort jeune),
Eudes (né en 1087 - mort jeune).
Enfermée puis répudiée
La famille de Berthe semble avoir eu un ascendant sur la vie politique du royaume. En 1090, lassé de sa femme et de la tutelle larvée née de sa défaite et de son mariage, Philippe la fait enfermer au château de Montreuil, qui constitue l'essentiel de sa dot, puis, comme il prévoit de se remarier, la répudie en 1092 au motif d'une consanguinité. Il envoie une ambassade au comte Roger Ier de Sicile, envisageant d'épouser sa fille Emma.
C'est en 1092 que Bertrade de Montfort, femme de Foulque le Réchin, comte d'Anjou, et Philippe se rencontrent. Il l'enlève, vit avec elle et l'épouse, au grand scandale de la chrétienté. Guillaume de Malmesbury, chroniqueur anglo-normand, suggère dans une version tardive que Philippe Ier était homme de plaisir, et Berthe de Frise trop grasse. Lieu commun classique des religieux, Bertrade, nouvelle Ève corruptrice, épouse infidèle et ambitieuse, le séduit. Et pour le poète, l'amor, ce désir masculin, submerge le roi et provoque sa déchéance.
La réalité est plus triviale. À partir du moment où Philippe Ier avait répudié sa première épouse après vingt ans de vie commune, cet homme mûr était homme libre. Il a donc cherché une nouvelle compagne, avec une plus grande prudence politique qu'on ne le croit.
Berthe s'éteint à Montreuil le 30 juillet 1093, probablement de chagrin. Des mauvaises langues suggèrent qu'elle fut empoisonnée, mais on se demande quel intérêt il y avait à tuer une recluse à vie sans droit, vivant sur le douaire qui lui était ainsi rendu.
BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HOLLAND.htm#Berthadied1093, as of 11/2/2014
BERTHA of Holland ([1058]-Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais 30 Jul 1093). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam ducis Frisiæ" and "rex Philippus"[353]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium…et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife, specifying that "Machtildim" married "Philippus rex Francie" after the death of her father which indicates that "Machtildim" in this text is an error for Bertha[354]. The Historia Francorum names "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam" as wife of King Philippe[355]. Her marriage was arranged as part of the settlement under which her future husband recognised her stepfather as Count of Flanders[356]. Her husband sent her to Montreuil after repudiating her. m (1072, repudiated 1092) as his first wife, PHILIPPE I King of France, son of HENRI I King of France & his second wife Anna Iaroslavna of Kiev (1052-château de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye Saint Benoît-sur-Loire).
** from Wikipedia listing for Bertha of Holland, as of 11/2/2014
Bertha of Holland (c. 1055 – 1093), also known as Berthe or Bertha of Frisia and erroneously as Matilda or Bertrada, was queen consort of the Franks from 1072 until 1092, as the first wife of King Philip I. Bertha's marriage to the king in 1072 was a result of peace negotiations between him and her stepfather, Count Robert the Frisian of Flanders. After nine years of childlessness, the royal couple had three children, including Philip's successor, Louis the Fat. Philip, however, grew tired of his wife by 1090, and repudiated her in 1092 in order to marry the already married Bertrada of Montfort. That marriage was a scandal since both Philip and Bertrada were already married to other people, at least until Queen Bertha died the next year.
Early life
Bertha was the daughter of Count Floris I of Holland and his wife, Gertrude of Saxony. She is erroneously referred to as Matilda (Machtilda) by Chronologia Johannes de Beke.[1] Bertha had six siblings and both of her parents came from large families. Her father ruled a territory vaguely described as "Friesland west of the Vlie", which is where Bertha spent her childhood.[2] Count Floris I was assassinated in 1061,[2] and two years later her mother remarried to Robert of Flanders.[3] Robert, now known as Robert the Frisian, became guardian of Bertha and her six siblings.[2] In 1070, Robert the Frisian became involved in a war with King Philip I of France over succession to the County of Flanders.[2][4] Within two years, Robert and Philip concluded a peace treaty which was to be sealed by a marriage; Robert's own daughters were too young, but their half-sister Bertha was just the right age.[2] Robert thus agreed to the marriage of his stepdaughter to King Philip. Bertha married Philip, thus becoming queen of the Franks, probably in 1072.[2][3]
Queenship
Bertha was, at the time, the lowest ranking woman to marry a French king; no suitable princess could be found, since they were all too closely related to Philip for the marriage to any of them to be seen as perfectly valid by the Church. Bertha had no kings among her traceable ancestors and lacked even tenuous links with the Carolings that her predecessors could claim. Consequently, contemporary chroniclers did not even try to present her lineage as more exalted than that of a count's daughter. Nevertheless, the shortage of royal candidates made Bertha a suitable choice.[5] The regal title she gained by this marriage was prestigious, but had little meaning, as she was confined to her husband's small royal domain that covered little more than areas around Paris and Orléans.[2]
Little is known about Bertha's queenship. She co-signed only three donation charters. However, she plays a prominent role in the hagiography titled Vita Arnulfi. The hagiography describes how she used her regal power (vi regia) to expel Abbot Gerard of Saint-Médard and reinstate the former abbot, Pontius, who had been removed due to his mismanagement of the abbey. Saint Arnulf of Soissons warned her that doing so would incur the wrath of God and lead to her being driven out of the kingdom into exile, where she would die despised and miserable. The queen furiously refused to listen to him. Although all the extant versions of Vita Arnulfi refer to the queen as Bertrada, it is clear that the queen mentioned in the hagiography is Bertha of Holland, given that the events mentioned in it took place while Bertha was queen and more than a decade before she was replaced as such by Bertrada. The hagiography, however, was written after Bertha died and during Bertrada's queenship, which might explain the name confusion.[2]
Childlessness
For nine years, King Philip and Queen Bertha were troubled by their childlessness and especially by the lack of male children,[4] which was not unusual among the early male members of the House of Capet.[3] Things suddenly took a different course, however, when the Queen had three children in quick succession, starting with a son named Louis in 1081.[3][4] The birth of the long-awaited heir apparent had such a great impact that a story of a miracle developed around it. Reportedly, the couple's fertility was only restored thanks to the prayers of a hermit, Saint Arnulf of Soissons. Arnulf informed Queen Bertha that she was expecting a son and that it would be appropriate to give him the Carolingian name of Louis. A daughter named Constance soon followed. Bertha gave birth to one more son, named Henry, but he appears to have died in infancy or childhood.[2][4]
Repudiation
After the birth of three children, the marriage began breaking apart. The King became tired of his wife but the reasons are unclear. Contemporary chroniclers give different explanations. According to the English historian William of Malmesbury, Philip complained that Bertha was "too fat", though he was himself becoming too obese to ride a horse.[3][4] In 1092, Philip announced his decision to divorce "the noble and virtuous daughter of Florent count of Holland and stepdaughter of Robert the Frisian" and marry the already married Bertrada of Montfort, the wife of Count Fulk IV of Anjou. The repudiated queen withdrew to the fortress of Montreuil-sur-Mer, which was part of her dower land.[3] By doing so, Philip infuriated his stepfather-in-law. Bertha died soon thereafter, simplifying matters for Philip[3] who was now free to remarry – though not the Countess of Anjou, whose husband Fulk was still living.[4]
In 1108, Philip died. The son of the queen who had been repudiated ostensibly for her obesity ascended the French throne as Louis VI. Both he and her fraternal nephew, Count Floris II of Holland, were nicknamed "the Fat".[2]
Issue
Together, Philip and Bertha had three children:
Louis VI of France (1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137)
Constance, married Hugh I of Champagne before 1097 and then, after her divorce, to Bohemund I of Antioch in 1106
Henry (b. 1083) (died young)
References
Crawley, Charles (2012). "Bertha of Holland". Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
van Bussel, Marion (2012). "Bertha van Holland (ca. 1055–1094)". Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826435149.
Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521414113.
Bouchard, Caroline (2001). Those of My Blood: Creating Noble Families in Medieval Francia. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812235908.
- Berthe de Hollande ou encore Berthe de Frise (née vers 1058 - morte le 30 juillet 1093 à Montreuil), est reine des Francs par son mariage avec Philippe Ier, roi de France.
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