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JosephSmithSr.
So shall it be with my father: he shall be called a prince over his posterity, holding the keys of the patriarchal priesthood over the kingdom of God on earth, even the Church of the Latter Day Saints, and he shall sit in the general assembly of patriarchs, even in council with the Ancient of Days when he shall sit and all the patriarchs with him and shall enjoy his right and authority under the direction of the Ancient of Days. |
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BEAUFORD, Queen Joan de
1402 - 1445 (42 years) 
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Name BEAUFORD, Joan de Prefix Queen Birth 27 Dec 1402 Beaufort Castle, Goudet, Haute-Loire, Auvergne, France 
Gender Female _TAG Reviewed on FS Death 15 Jul 1445 Dunbar Castle, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland Burial 22 Nov 1445 Carthusian Church, Perth, Scotland Headstones 
Submit Headstone Photo Person ID I46064 Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith Last Modified 19 Aug 2021
Father BEAUFORD, Knight John , b. Abt 1371, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France Meurthe-et-Moselle, Franced. 16 Mar 1409, London, Middlesex, England (Age 38 years) Mother HOLLAND, Dutchess Margaret de , b. 1370, Lancashire, England Lancashire, Englandd. 30 Dec 1439, Bermondsey, Surrey, England (Age 69 years) Marriage Bef 28 Sep 1397 Lancashire, England Family ID F23278 Group Sheet | Family Chart
Family 1 STEWART, King James I , b. 25 Jul 1394, Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotlandd. 21 Feb 1437, Blackfriars, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (Age 42 years) Marriage 2 Feb 1423/2 Feb 1424 Southwark, Surrey, England 
Children2 sons and 6 daughters Family ID F24050 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 24 Jan 2022
Family 2 STEWART, Sir James I , b. 30 Dec 1394, Innermeath, Argyll, Scotland Innermeath, Argyll, Scotlandd. 17 Aug 1451, Perth, Scotland (Age 56 years) Marriage 1438 St Andrew, Fife, Scotland Children3 sons Family ID F22917 Group Sheet | Family Chart Last Modified 24 Jan 2022
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Notes - When Joan Beaufort was born on December 27, 1402, in Loire, Loire, France, her father, John, was 31, and her mother, Countess Margaret, was 16. She was married four times and had five sons and ten daughters. She died on July 15, 1445, in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland, at the age of 42, and was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland.
Joan Beaufort was the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and Margaret Holland, daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who was the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent" (the mother of Richard II of England) she was also the niece of the first Lancastrian king King Henry IV of England.
King Robert III of Scotland had attempted to send his younger son James Stewart to France to guard him from the machinations of his uncle, Robert, Duke of Albany, but the twelve year old James was captured by English ships just off Flamborough Head. When King Robert died soon after on 4th April, 1406 James succeeded to the Scottish throne as James I. While the young King grew to manhood in English captivity, his ambitious and self-serving uncle was appointed Regent and Governor of Scotland in his absence and exhibited no haste in securing his nephew's release.
James received an education and traveled with the English court, where he learned much about government and administration, which helater put intopractice when he returned to his native Scotland. Joan met James I during his English captivity, the couple had known each other from at least 1420. James fell in love with Joan, she is said to have been the inspiration for his famous long poem, The Kingis Quair, written after he saw her from his window in the garden. James negotiated a release from captivity the previous year, the English favoured his alliance with the Beauforts which it was hoped would continue Scotland's alliance with the England, rather than their traditional ally France. Joan's dowry of 10,000 merks was subtracted from the substantial ransom of 60,000merks the Scots had to pay for the return of their king. James and Joan were married on 12 February 1424 at St Mary Overie Church in Southwark. The newly weds attended festivities at Winchester Palace hosted by Joan’s uncle, the powerful Cardinal Henry Beaufort. They then started their journey north to Scotland.
Joan was crowned queen of Scotland on 2 or 21, May at Scone Abbey by Henry de Wardlaw, Bishop of Saint Andrews. James, unlike his father, possessed a strong and resolute character, and was determined to crush the threat posed by the power of the Albany Stewarts and promptly confiscated their estates. Murdoch Stewart and his two sons were executed on Castle Hill, at Stirling. In 1429, Alexander Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, was captured after burning and pillaging in the Scottish Highlands. Dressed as a penitent, he was compelled to appear before the high altar in Holyrood Abbey. In a pre-staged scene, Joan pleaded with her husband for his life. This allowed James to save face while exercising mercy.
Joan Beaufort, Queen of ScotlandThe couple produced eight children, seven of whom survived to adulthood:-
(1) Margaret Stewart, (1424–1445) married Prince Louis, Dauphin of Viennois (later King Louis XI of France)
(2) Isabella Stewart, (1426–1494) married Francis I, Duke of Brittany
(3) Mary Stewart, Countess of Buchan (died 1465) married Wolfart VI van Borsselen
(4) Joan Stewart, Countess of Morton (c. 1428–1486) married James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton
(5) James II of Scotland (1430–1460) married Mary of Gueldres
(6) Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (born and died 1430); Twin of James
(7) Annabella Stewart, married and divorced 1. Louis of Savoy, and then married and divorced 2. George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly
(8)Eleanor Stewart, (1433–1484) married Sigismund, Archduke of Austria.
James I was murdered by assassins led by Sir Robert Graham in Perth on 21 February 1437, Joan was also wounded in her frantic attempts to protect her husband. Joan successfully directed her husband's supporters to attack his assassin Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, but was forced to give up the regency to The Earl of Douglas three months later, though she remained in charge of the new king her son James II.
James IINear the end of July 1439, Joan married James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorne, the son of Sir John Stewart (d. 26 Apr 1421), an ambassador to England and a direct male line descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. The couple had three sons:-
(1)John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl
(2) James Stewart, Earl of Buchan, d. 1499. Married 27 Mar 1459, to Margaret Ogilvy, daughter of Alexander Ogilvy of Auchterhouse.
(3) Andrew Stewart, c. 1443-1501. The Bishop of Moray from 1483-1501.
James Stewart was an ally of the Black Douglases, Earls of Douglas, and plotted with him to overthrow Alexander Livingston, governor of Stirling Castle. Livingston had Joan arrested in August 1439 and forced her to relinquish custody of the young king. He imprisoning her in Stirling Castle, while Sir James Stewart and his brother Sir William were incarcerated in the castle's dungeon. They were later released on good behaviour. The conflict however continued and and Joan was besieged at Dunbar Castle, where she died on 15 July 1445. She was buried beside her first husband James I, in the Carthusian Priory at Perth.
At the time of Joan’s birth the country of Scotland was experiencing a period of lawlessness. King Robert III feared for the safety of his son and heir James and decided to send him to France in February of 1406 when he was eleven years old. King Robert died shortly after this and his brother, the Duke of Albany took control of the government. James’ ship was captured by pirates. When the pirates realized how valuable their hostage was, they took him to King Henry IV of England. Henry gave the pirates the ship and decided James didn’t need to go to France to be educated. Henry locked James in the Tower of London and he remained in England for eighteen years. The terms of his captivity were mild. He received an education and traveled with the court, learning government and administration. While there he met and fell in love with Joan. We know this because he wrote a poem, “The Kingis Quair” (The Kings Book) about his captivity and seeing a beautiful lady outside his window, describing her as fair and blond. This was a conventional scenario for poetry at the time so we don’t really know if this actually happened. But the couple certainly met, maybe at court and there appears to have been a mutual affection.
Joan’s family saw political advantage in her marrying the King of Scots and began working to persuade King Henry V to release James from his imprisonment. Henry V’s wife Katherine of Valois also applied pressure. On August 19, 1423, an embassy was sent from Scotland to negotiate James’ release. On December 4, a treaty was finalized in London that included James’ marriage to Joan. A 60,000 merks ransom was to be paid by Scotland to England for James’ release in four installments. Joan’s dowry of 10,000 merks was deducted from the ransom. Twenty-one Scottish hostages were sent to England as surety for the ransom.
On February 2, 1424, Joan and James were married at the Church of Saint Mary Overy (now Southwark Cathedral on the south bank of the Thames in London). The couple attended festivities at Winchester Palace hosted by Joan’s uncle, Cardinal Henry Beaufort. They then started their journey north to Scotland. Scottish nobles met them at York to escort them home. On March 28 at Durham, James signed a pact for a seven year truce with England. Joan and James were crowned at Scone Abbey on May 21, 1424 by Henry de Wardlaw, Bishop of Saint Andrews. By Christmas of that year, Joan gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Margaret. There is very little record of Joan other than the birth of her children. After Margaret was born, Joan had three more daughters before giving birth to twin boys Alexander and James in October of 1430. Alexander died shortly after but James was to survive. Joan had two more daughters after this.
16th century depiction of King James I of Scotland
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- When Joan Beaufort was born on December 27, 1402, in Loire, Loire, France, her father, John, was 31, and her mother, Countess Margaret, was 16. She was married four times and had five sons and ten daughters. She died on July 15, 1445, in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland, at the age of 42, and was buried in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland.
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