SCOTLAND, King Alexander

1198 - 1249  (50 years)  Submit Photo / Document

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• Name	SCOTLAND, Alexander
  Prefix	King
  Birth	24 Aug 1198	Haddington, Lothian, Scotland
  Gender	Male
  _TAG	Reviewed on FS
  Death	8 Jul 1249	Kerrera, Argyleshire, Scotland
  Burial	18 Jul 1249	Melrose Abbey, Melrose, Roxburghshire, Scotland
  Headstones	Submit Headstone Photo
  Person ID	I46773	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	SCOTLAND, William ,   b. Abt 1134, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotlandd. 4 Dec 1214, Stirling, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (Age 80 years)
  Mother	DE BEAUMONT, Queen Emengarde ,   b. Scotland Scotlandd. 4 Feb 1234, Scotland
  Marriage	5 Sep 1189	Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England
  Family ID	F24360	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 1	ENGLAND, Princess Joane ,   b. 22 Jul 1210, Coucy, Aisne, Picardie, France Coucy, Aisne, Picardie, Franced. 4 Mar 1238, London, Middlesex, England (Age 27 years)
  Marriage	York, Yorkshire, England
  Family ID	F24074	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

  Family 2	COUCY, Queen Marie de ,   b. Abt 1218, Boves, Somme, Picardie, France Boves, Somme, Picardie, Franced. 1251, Roxburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland (Age 33 years)
  Marriage	15 May 1239	Boves, Somme, Picardie, France
  Children	1. SCOTLAND, King Alexander III ,   b. 4 Sep 1241, Roxburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland Roxburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotlandd. 19 Mar 1286, Fife, Fife, Scotland (Age 44 years)
  Family ID	F16568	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

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• Notes

  "Alexander II has the honor of being the only Scottish king to take his invasion force all the way to the south coast of England. Whilst still a teenager, Alexander backed a rebellion of northern English barons against the King of England, John I. Hoping to secure the territories of Northumberland, Alexander and his army invaded England. They reached the port of Dover where, while waiting to join a French invasion force, the invasion failed. The death of John I saw the English barons change their allegiances. Alexander left empty-handed." (Mediaeval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim) (24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249) was King of Scots from 1214 to his death. He was born at Haddington, East Lothian, the only son of the Scottish king William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont. He spent time in England (John of England knighted him at Clerkenwell Priory in 1213) before succeeding to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214, being crowned at Scone on 6 December the same year. In 1215, the year after his accession, the clans Meic Uilleim and MacHeths, inveterate enemies of the Scottish crown, broke into revolt; but loyalist forces speedily quelled the insurrection. In the same year Alexander joined the English barons in their struggle against John of England, and led an army into the Kingdom of England in support of their cause. This action led to the sacking of Berwick-upon-Tweed as John's forces ravaged the north. The Scottish forces reached the south coast of England at the port of Dover where in September 1216, Alexander paid homage to the pretender Prince Louis of France for his lands in England, chosen by the barons to replace King John. But John having died, the Pope and the English aristocracy changed their allegiance to his nine-year-old son, Henry, forcing the French and the Scots armies to return home. Peace between Henry III, the French prince and Alexander followed on 12 September 1217 with the treaty of Kingston. Diplomacy further strengthened the reconciliation by the marriage of Alexander to Henry's sister Joan of England on 18 June or 25 June 1221. The next year marked the subjection of the hitherto semi-independent district of Argyll. Royal forces crushed a revolt in Galloway in 1235 without difficulty; nor did an invasion attempted soon afterwards by its exiled leaders meet with success. Soon afterwards a claim for homage from Henry of England drew forth from Alexander a counter-claim to the northern English counties. The two kingdoms, however, settled this dispute by a compromise in 1237. This was the Treaty of York which defined the boundary between the two kingdoms as running between the Solway Firth (in the west) and the mouth of the River Tweed (in the east). Joan died in March 1238 in Essex, and in the following year, 1239, Alexander remarried. His second wife was Marie de Coucy. The marriage took place on 15 May 1239, and produced one son, the future Alexander III, born in 1241. A threat of invasion by Henry in 1243 for a time interrupted the friendly relations between the two countries; but the prompt action of Alexander in anticipating his attack, and the disinclination of the English barons for war, compelled him to make peace next year at Newcastle. Alexander now turned his attention to securing the Western Isles, which still owed a nominal allegiance to Norway. He successively attempted negotiations and purchase, but without success. The English chronicler Matthew Paris in his Chronica Majora described Alexander as red-haired: "[King John] taunted King Alexander, and because he was red-headed, sent word to him, saying, 'so shall we hunt the red fox-cub from his lairs."[1] Alexander attempted to persuade Ewen, the son of Duncan, Lord of Argyll, to sever his allegiance to Haakon IV of Norway. When Ewen rejected these attempts, Alexander sailed forth to compel him, but on the way he suffered a fever at the Isle of Kerrera in the Inner Hebrides. He died there in 1249 and was buried at Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire. His only legitimate child and son, by his second wife, Alexander III succeeded him as King of Scots. He had a ******* daughter, Marjorie, who married Sir Alan Durward, Justiciar of Scotia (he died 1275), and had issue.[2] Wives 1. Joan of England, (22 July 1210 – 4 March 1238), was the eldest legitimate daughter and third child of John of England and Isabella of Angoulême. She and Alexander II married on 21 June 1221, at York Minster. Alexander was 23. Joan was 11. They had no children. Joan died in Essex in 1238, and was buried at Tarant Crawford Abbey in Dorset. 2. Marie de Coucy, who became mother of Alexander III of Scotland