SPAIN, King Milesius

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• Name	SPAIN, Milesius
  Prefix	King
  Birth	1060 BC/1024 BC	Spain
  Gender	Male
  Person ID	I69535	Joseph Smith Sr and Lucy Mack Smith
  Last Modified	19 Aug 2021

  
  

  Father	GREECE, King Bille Whilom
  Family ID	F33292	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family 1	Scota Tephi   d. DECEASED
  Children	6 sons
  1. The Druid Amergin ,   b. , , , Egypt Egypt   2. SPAIN, Ire ,   b. , , Irene, Greece Irene, Greece   3. SPAIN, Colpa   d. At Sea   4. King Heber Fionn ,   b. , , , Egypt Egyptd. Ireland   5. SPAIN, Aranann ,   b. , , , Spain Spaind. At Sea + 6. IRELAND, King Heremond Ollaamh Fodhla ,   b. , , , Spain Spaind. Ireland
  Family ID	F32809	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

  Family 2	Seaug
  Children	2 sons
  1. King Donn ,   b. Spain Spain   2. Aireach
  Family ID	F32828	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

  Family 3	Emerus
  Children	1. Fritheus
  Family ID	F32908	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	24 Jan 2022

  
  

• Notes

  List of Sources: 1. O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees 2. History of Ireland 3. Stokvis 4. The Annals of The Four Masters 5. Ogygia Milesius of Spain to Niall of the Nine Hostages Heremon Irial Faidh Ethrial Foll-Aich Tigernmas Enboath Smiomghall Fiacha Labhrainn Aongus Olmucach Main Rotheachtach Deman Dein Siorna Saoghalach Olioll Aolcheoin Gialchadh Nuadhas Fionnfail Aednas Glas Simeon Breac Muredach Bolgach Fiacha Tolgrach Duach Ladrach Eochaidh Buadhach Ugaine Mor c. 275 BC Cobhthach Caelbreagh Melg Molbhthach Iran Gleofathach Conla Caomh Oilioll Casfiachlach Eochaidh Alteathan Aongus Tuirmheach Teamhrach Enna Aigneach Labhradh Lorck Blathachta ------------------------ "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" anonymous (quoting from the "life of St. Brandane") The version of the Milesian legend which appears in this anonymous "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" represents an even earlier form of the Milesian legends than that included by John of Fordun in his "Scottichronicon." As in Fordun's version, this chronicle also provides the Gaedil with an origin in Greece. The legend begins with an unnamed "noble chauvalier" from "the country of Athens in Greece" whose son was named Gaedel. Gaedel had for a wife the daughter of pharoah, the king of Egypt, named Scota, by whom he had offspring. This version of the legend does not explicitly state the Gaedil went to Egypt from Greece; it is merely implied by the marriage of Gaedel and Scota, an Egyptian. Gaedel gathered up the youth of the country, put to sea with his wife and children and set off in search of a land in which to dwell, eventually landing in Spain. On a high mountain off the coast of the Hibernian Sea, he built a strong castle named Brigance. One day his fishermen were driven near Ireland by a tempest and returned to Spain with news of land nearby in the sea. Gaedel put to sea with his sons (surnamed Scotti from their mother) and sailed to Ireland which they found "not well-peopled." The oldest son, Eberus, the only one named in the legend, returned to Spain after his father's death, leaving his brothers to rule Ireland. Afterwards arrived Symond Bret, the youngest son of the King of Spain, with the "Lia Fail" or coronation stone of the Spanish kings. Symond Bret married a descendant of one of the two unnamed brothers who had previously settled in Ireland and thus became King of Ireland. FordunChronicle Ireland was "sparsely inhabited" [1st invasion] Ireland was "not well-peopled" Hymec (Nemed) & Hyber [2nd invasion] Eberus and his unnamed Sons of Gaythelosbrothers; Sons of Gaythelos Heremonius, Partholomus [3rd invasion] Symond Bret Hibertus (Sons of King Mycelius of Spain) Simon Breac[4th invasion] The most obvious difference between these two versions of the legend is that the "Chronicle" knows nothing of King Milesius of Spain, who appears in every subsequent form of the legend. Here, Gaedel married Scota and led his followers from Greece to Spain. He and his sons later invaded Ireland. Of his sons (note the plural), only Eberus (Heber) is named. Eberus returns to Spain leaving his brothers to rule Ireland, where they are joined some unspecified generations later by Simon Breac, a descendant of Eberus. Who were the brothers of Eberus? Based on the succeeding version of the legend (Fordun's), they were probably Heremon and Partholan, the three sons of King Mycelius of Spain who conquered Ireland. In addition to the non-existence of a King Milesius of Spain, the "Chronicle" also omits the Nimech (Nemed) character who first appears in the version of John of Fordun. Nemed, as we know from the later Irish redactions, represented the invasion of Ireland by the Fir Bolg. This will become more obvious in succeeding chapters, but the insertion of Nemed into the narrative was an attempt on the part of the Irish bards to acknowledge the historical fact that the Fir Bolg invaded Ireland long before the Gaedil or Milesians. The insertion of Nemed into the narrative structure of the legend to represent the invasion of the Fir Bolg resulted in several important "doubled episodes" in the narrative of the "Scottichronicon." 1. The name of Heber Scot, the son of Gaedel Glas and Scota, was doubled. 2. A double of Gaedel Glas was invented: King Milesius of Spain The name Milesius is not a proper name as such but an epithet, i.e., militis Espana, or a soldier of Spain (Latin, miles, a soldier). In the R3 redaction we are told his true name was "Galam," but this is nonsense without support in any of the early genealogies. The "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" knows nothing of this King Milesius of Spain whose sons invaded Ireland in all succeeding versions of the legend. When the invasion of the Fir Bolg in the person of Nemed was introduced into the legend, Gaedel Glas, the original "militis Espana" or "soldier of Spain" whose sons invaded Ireland, suddenly became the father of Nemed, who represents the second invasion of Ireland. Gaedel Glas could no longer be the father of the three sons who later invaded Ireland so a double was invented for him: thus was born King Milesius of Spain whose sons invaded Ireland. This process of inserting Nemed into the legend of the sons of the "militis Espana" (Gaedel Glas) also explains the development of R2 narrative which brought King Milesius from Scythia to Egypt and then to Spain and Ireland. By this date, Irish tradition had already been re-written into the narrative of the R1 redaction, i.e., Agnomain was driven from Scythia, Brath led the Gaedil to Spain and the sons of King Milesius invaded Ireland. An Irish scribe, familiar with this narrative, must have happened across an earlier version similar to that quoted in the "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots," in which Gaedel Glas was the leader of the Gaedil who was driven from Greece (or Scythia), went to Egypt and then Spain and whose sons later invaded Ireland. Unable to reconcile the two traditions, our scribe must simply have combined them, retaining the early part of the R1 narrative involving Nel, Gaedel Glas, Esru, Sru and Heber Scot, who returned from Egypt to Scythia. But when it came time to drive the Gaedil from Scythia, he ignored the "Agnomain" tradition of the Macotic Marshes and instead tacked on the older version of a "militis Espana" being driven from Greece or Scythia, going to Egypt and then to Spain. This of course resulted in the "doubled episode" in R2 of two chieftains of the Gaedil leaving Scythia, going to Egypt and marrying a daughter of pharoah named Scota. Because of the increased simplicity of the narrative, there is little doubt the "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" represents an earlier tradition than that quoted by John of Fordun in the "Scottichronicon." Assaman Eamhna * * x * x Roighen Ruadh * * x * x Fionnlogh * * * * x Fionn * * * x x Eochaidh Feidlioch * * * * * Fineamhnas?? (Bress-Nar-Lothar) x * * x * Lughaidh Sriabh Dearg * * * * * Crimthan Naidnar * * * * * Fearadhach Finnfeachtnach * * * * * Fiacha Fionnla * * * * * Tuatal Teachtmar * * * * * Fedhlimidh Rachtmar * * * * * Con of the 100 Battles * * * * * 110th King; 123-157AD Art Aonfhi?? * * * * * Cormac Mac Art * * * * * Cairbre Liffeachar * * * * * Fiacha Sraibhtine(Fiacha III) * * * * * 285 AD, 120th K of Ire Mureadhach Tireach * * * * * Eochaidh Muigheadhoin * * * * * Niall of the Nine Hostages * * * * * d. 405 AD See below: Niall had 12 sons, one of whom, Laoguire, became 128th monarch of Ireland in 428AD. (so who were the 125th, 26th, and 27th?). Another one of those sons was Main or Maine. His patrimony was all the tract of land from Loch Ree to Loch Annin, near Molingar. His descendants are referred to as the chiefs or lords of Muinter Tagan, or Family Tagan, the Tagan referring to a descendant who lived in the 8th century (see below). This line branched off to Sionnach in the late 11th century and is now called Fox. Maine is also considered to be the founder of MacGawley of Cabry, O'Dugan and O'Mulchoney,the prime antiquaries of Ireland; Maine's genealogical line goes as follows: Main - d. 440AD Brian Brannan Aogh (Hugh): son of Brannan. Had a brother, Creamthann, who was ancestor of the Breens. List of Sources: 1. O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees 2. History of Ireland 3. Stokvis 4. The Annals of The Four Masters 5. Ogygia Milesius of Spain to Niall of the Nine Hostages Heremon Irial Faidh Ethrial Foll-Aich Tigernmas Enboath Smiomghall Fiacha Labhrainn Aongus Olmucach Main Rotheachtach Deman Dein Siorna Saoghalach Olioll Aolcheoin Gialchadh Nuadhas Fionnfail Aednas Glas Simeon Breac Muredach Bolgach Fiacha Tolgrach Duach Ladrach Eochaidh Buadhach Ugaine Mor c. 275 BC Cobhthach Caelbreagh Melg Molbhthach Iran Gleofathach Conla Caomh Oilioll Casfiachlach Eochaidh Alteathan Aongus Tuirmheach Teamhrach Enna Aigneach Labhradh Lorck Blathachta ------------------------ Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" anonymous (quoting from the "life of St. Brandane") The version of the Milesian legend which appears in this anonymous "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" represents an even earlier form of the Milesian legends than that included by John of Fordun in his "Scottichronicon." As in Fordun's version, this chronicle also provides the Gaedil with an origin in Greece. The legend begins with an unnamed "noble chauvalier" from "the country of Athens in Greece" whose son was named Gaedel. Gaedel had for a wife the daughter of Pharoah, the King of Egypt, named Scota, by whom he had offspring. This version of the legend does not explicitly state the Gaedil went to Egypt from Greece; it is merely implied by the marriage of Gaedel and Scota, an Egyptian. Gaedel gathered up the youth of the country, put to sea with his wife and children and set off in search of a land in which to dwell, eventually landing in Spain. On a high mountain off the coast of the Hibernian Sea, he built a strong castle named Brigance. One day his fishermen were driven near Ireland by a tempest and returned to Spain with news of land nearby in the sea. Gaedel put to sea with his sons (surnamed Scotti from their mother) and sailed to Ireland which they found "not well-peopled." The oldest son, Eberus, the only one named in the legend, returned to Spain after his father's death, leaving his brothers to rule Ireland. Afterwards arrived Symond Bret, the youngest son of the King of Spain, with the "Lia Fail" or coronation stone of the Spanish kings. Symond Bret married a descendant of one of the two unnamed brothers who had previously settled in Ireland and thus became King of Ireland. FordunChronicle Ireland was "sparsely inhabited" [1st invasion] Ireland was "not well-peopled" Hymec (Nemed) & Hyber [2nd invasion] Eberus and his unnamed Sons of Gaythelosbrothers; Sons of Gaythelos Heremonius, Partholomus [3rd invasion] Symond Bret Hibertus (Sons of King Mycelius of Spain) Simon Breac[4th invasion] The most obvious difference between these two versions of the legend is that the "Chronicle" knows nothing of King Milesius of Spain, who appears in every subsequent form of the legend. Here, Gaedel married Scota and led his followers from Greece to Spain. He and his sons later invaded Ireland. Of his sons (note the plural), only Eberus (Heber) is named. Eberus returns to Spain leaving his brothers to rule Ireland, where they are joined some unspecified generations later by Simon Breac, a descendant of Eberus. Who were the brothers of Eberus? Based on the succeeding version of the legend (Fordun's), they were probably Heremon and Partholan, the three sons of King Mycelius of Spain who conquered Ireland. In addition to the non-existence of a King Milesius of Spain, the "Chronicle" also omits the Nimech (Nemed) character who first appears in the version of John of Fordun. Nemed, as we know from the later Irish redactions, represented the invasion of Ireland by the Fir Bolg. This will become more obvious in succeeding chapters, but the insertion of Nemed into the narrative was an attempt on the part of the Irish bards to acknowledge the historical fact that the Fir Bolg invaded Ireland long before the Gaedil or Milesians. The insertion of Nemed into the narrative structure of the legend to represent the invasion of the Fir Bolg resulted in several important "doubled episodes" in the narrative of the "Scottichronicon." 1. The name of Heber Scot, the son of Gaedel Glas and Scota, was doubled. 2. A double of Gaedel Glas was invented: King Milesius of Spain The name Milesius is not a proper name as such but an epithet, i.e., militis Espana, or a soldier of Spain (Latin, miles, a soldier). In the R3 redaction we are told his true name was "Galam," but this is nonsense without support in any of the early genealogies. The "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" knows nothing of this King Milesius of Spain whose sons invaded Ireland in all succeeding versions of the legend. When the invasion of the Fir Bolg in the person of Nemed was introduced into the legend, Gaedel Glas, the original "militis Espana" or "soldier of Spain" whose sons invaded Ireland, suddenly became the father of Nemed, who represents the second invasion of Ireland. Gaedel Glas could no longer be the father of the three sons who later invaded Ireland so a double was invented for him: thus was born King Milesius of Spain whose sons invaded Ireland. This process of inserting Nemed into the legend of the sons of the "militis Espana" (Gaedel Glas) also explains the development of R2 narrative which brought King Milesius from Scythia to Egypt and then to Spain and Ireland. By this date, Irish tradition had already been re-written into the narrative of the R1 redaction, i.e., Agnomain was driven from Scythia, Brath led the Gaedil to Spain and the sons of King Milesius invaded Ireland. An Irish scribe, familiar with this narrative, must have happened across an earlier version similar to that quoted in the "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots," in which Gaedel Glas was the leader of the Gaedil who was driven from Greece (or Scythia), went to Egypt and then Spain and whose sons later invaded Ireland. Unable to reconcile the two traditions, our scribe must simply have combined them, retaining the early part of the R1 narrative involving Nel, Gaedel Glas, Esru, Sru and Heber Scot, who returned from Egypt to Scythia. But when it came time to drive the Gaedil from Scythia, he ignored the "Agnomain" tradition of the Macotic Marshes and instead tacked on the older version of a "militis Espana" being driven from Greece or Scythia, going to Egypt and then to Spain. This of course resulted in the "doubled episode" in R2 of two chieftains of the Gaedil leaving Scythia, going to Egypt and marrying a daughter of pharoah named Scota. Because of the increased simplicity of the narrative, there is little doubt the "Chronicle of the Picts and Scots" represents an earlier tradition than that quoted by John of Fordun in the "Scottichronicon." Assaman Eamhna * * x * x Roighen Ruadh * * x * x Fionnlogh * * * * x Fionn * * * x x Eochaidh Feidlioch * * * * * Fineamhnas?? (Bress-Nar-Lothar) x * * x * Lughaidh Sriabh Dearg * * * * * Crimthan Naidnar * * * * * Fearadhach Finnfeachtnach * * * * * Fiacha Fionnla * * * * * Tuatal Teachtmar * * * * * Fedhlimidh Rachtmar * * * * * Con of the 100 Battles * * * * * 110th King; 123-157AD Art Aonfhi?? * * * * * Cormac Mac Art * * * * * Cairbre Liffeachar * * * * * Fiacha Sraibhtine(Fiacha III) * * * * * 285 AD, 120th K of Ire Mureadhach Tireach * * * * * Eochaidh Muigheadhoin * * * * * Niall of the Nine Hostages * * * * * d. 405 AD See below: Niall had 12 sons, one of whom, Laoguire, became 128th monarch of Ireland in 428AD. (so who were the 125th, 26th, and 27th?). Another one of those sons was Main or Maine. His patrimony was all the tract of land from Loch Ree to Loch Annin, near Molingar. His descendants are referred to as the chiefs or lords of Muinter Tagan, or Family Tagan, the Tagan referring to a descendant who lived in the 8th century (see below). This line branched off to Sionnach in the late 11th century and is now called Fox. Maine is also considered to be the founder of MacGawley of Cabry, O'Dugan and 'Mulchoney,the prime antiquaries of Ireland; Maine's genealogical line goes as follows: Main - d. 440AD Brian Brannan Aogh (Hugh): son of Brannan. Had a brother, Creamthann, who was ancestor of the Breens. Bladmhach: son of Aogh. Had a brother, Aongus, who was the ancestor of the Loughnan and Loftus families of Meath. Congall: son of Bladmhach. Colla Giolla Brighid Maolbeanachtach Tagan: son of Maolbeanachtach from which began Muintir Tagain, the ancestral home in West Meath. (8th century) (around his time there was Flann Sionna- "The Fox", King of Ireland from 876-916AD, but is not known to be related) Beice Connor Breasal Cathiarnach: son of Breasal; ancestor of the O'Catharnaigh that was anglicised to Carney. Cathalann: son of Cathiarnach. Cathiarnach (2): son of Cathalann. Rory: son of Cathiarnach (2). Fogartach: son of Rory. Rory (2): son of Fogartach. Teige (Tadhg): d. 1084 AD. - son of Rory(2); Ancestor of the MacSionnaigh Sept. Anglicised to Sionnach, Seeny, Reynard and Reynardson. _________________________________________ Sources : Irish mythology - the Legendary Descent of the Irish Clans ---------------- The Lineage Eochaida Muigh Meadhoin, the124th ruler of Ireland, had four sons; Brian, Olioll, Fiachra and Niall. This Niall is #87 on the O'Neill (Prince of Tyrone) pedigree. The pedigree is as follows: #87 Niall of the Nine Hostages: son of Eochaida; was the 126th Monarch of Ireland. He ruled from 378-405 A.D.. He was one of the first Christian rulers. Was to have been responsible for bringing St. Patrick to Ireland as one of his hostages taken from Gaul in 388 A.D..Niall's mother was the daughter of the King of Britain. #88 Main: son of Niall #89 Brian: son of Main #90 Brannan: son of Brian #91 Aogh (Hugh): son of Brannan. Had a brother, Creamthann, who was ancestor of the Breens. #92 Bladmhach: son of Aogh. Had a brother, Aongus, who was the ancestor of the Loughnan and Loftus families of Meath. #93 Congall: son of Bladmhach. #94 Colla: son of Congall. #95 Giolla Brighid: son of Colla. #96 Maolbeanachtach: son of Giolla Brighid. #97 Tagan: son of Maolbeanachtach from which began Muintir Tagain, the ancestral home in West Meath. #98 Beice: son of Tagan. #99 Connor: son of Beice. #100 Breasal: son of Connor. #101 Cathiarnach: son of Breasal; ancestor of the O'Catharnaigh that was anglicised to Carney. #102 Cathalann: son of Cathiarnach. #103 Cathiarnach (2): son of Cathalann. #104 Rory: son of Cathiarnach (2). #105 Fogartach: son of Rory. #106 Rory (2): son of Fogartach. #107 Teige (Tadhg): son of Rory(2); Ancestor of the MacSionnaigh Sept. Anglicised to Sionnach, Seeny, Reynard and Reynardson. He lived about 1000 #A.D. Backgrond on Niall's 12 sons: 91. Eoghan or Owen, one of the sons of the said Nial Mor, from whom the territory of Inis-Eoghan in Ulster was called, had eleven brothers, viz, Laoguire, the 128th Monarch of Ireland, in the 4th year of whose reign St.Patrick came into Ireland the second time to plant the Christian faith, A.D.432. 2) Conal Cremthainn, ancestor the the O'Melaghlin kings of Meath; 3) Conal Gulban, ancestor to the O'Donnells, Lords and Earls of the territory of Tirconnell in Ulster, so called from him; 4) Fiachu, from whom the from Birr to the Hill of Uisneach in Medio Hibernica (Meath) is called; Cinel Fiacha and from him MacGeoghegan, Lords of that territory; O'Molloey, O'Donechar, etc., derive their pedigree; 5) Maine, whose patrimony was all the tract of land from Loch Ree to Loch Annin, near Molingar, and whose descendants are Muinter Tagan, that is, Sionnach, now called Fox, Lords of that territory of Muinter Tagan; MacGawley of Cabry, O'Dugan and O'Mulchoney,the prime antiquaries of Ireland; 6) Cairbre, ancestor of O'Flannagan of Tuath-Ratha, Muinter Cathalan or Cahill; 7) Fergus, a quo Cinel Fergusa; 8) Enna 9) Aongus 10) Aulthearg and 11) Fergus Ailtleathan. Of the last four I find no issue; of the rest of them and their issue more in due place. Fogartach: son of Rory. Rory (2): son of Fogartach. Teige (Tadhg): d. 1084 AD. - son of Rory(2); Ancestor of the MacSionnaigh Sept. Anglicised to Sionnach, Seeny, Reynard and Reynardson. _________________________________________ Sources : Irish mythology - the Legendary Descent of the Irish Clans ---------------- The Lineage Eochaida Muigh Meadhoin, the124th ruler of Ireland, had four sons; Brian, Olioll, Fiachra and Niall. This Niall is #87 on the O'Neill (Prince of Tyrone) pedigree. The pedigree is as follows: #87 Niall of the Nine Hostages: son of Eochaida; was the 126th Monarch of Ireland. He ruled from 378-405 A.D.. He was one of the first Christian rulers. Was to have been responsible for bringing St. Patrick to Ireland as one of his hostages taken from Gaul in 388 A.D..Niall's mother was the daughter of the King of Britain. #88 Main: son of Niall #89 Brian: son of Main #90 Brannan: son of Brian #91 Aogh (Hugh): son of Brannan. Had a brother, Creamthann, who was ancestor of the Breens. #92 Bladmhach: son of Aogh. Had a brother, Aongus, who was the ancestor of the Loughnan and Loftus families of Meath. #93 Congall: son of Bladmhach. #94 Colla: son of Congall. #95 Giolla Brighid: son of Colla. #96 Maolbeanachtach: son of Giolla Brighid. #97 Tagan: son of Maolbeanachtach from which began Muintir Tagain, the ancestral home in West Meath. #98 Beice: son of Tagan. #99 Connor: son of Beice. #100 Breasal: son of Connor. #101 Cathiarnach: son of Breasal; ancestor of the O'Catharnaigh that was anglicised to Carney. #102 Cathalann: son of Cathiarnach. #103 Cathiarnach (2): son of Cathalann. #104 Rory: son of Cathiarnach (2). #105 Fogartach: son of Rory. #106 Rory (2): son of Fogartach. #107 Teige (Tadhg): son of Rory(2); Ancestor of the MacSionnaigh Sept. Anglicised to Sionnach, Seeny, Reynard and Reynardson. He lived about 1000 #A.D. Backgrond on Niall's 12 sons: 91. Eoghan or Owen, one of the sons of the said Nial Mor, from whom the territory of Inis-Eoghan in Ulster was called, had eleven brothers, viz, Laoguire, the 128th Monarch of Ireland, in the 4th year of whose reign St. Patrick came into Ireland the second time to plant the Christian faith, A.D.432. 2) Conal Cremthainn, ancestor the the O'Melaghlin kings of Meath; 3) Conal Gulban, ancestor to the O'Donnells, Lords and Earls of the territory of Tirconnell in Ulster, so called from him; 4) Fiachu, from whom the from Birr to the Hill of Uisneach in Medio Hibernica (Meath) is called; Cinel Fiacha and from him MacGeoghegan, Lords of that territory; O'Molloey, O'Donechar, etc., derive their pedigree; 5) Maine, whose patrimony was all the tract of land from Loch Ree to Loch Annin, near Molingar, and whose descendants are Muinter Tagan, that is, Sionnach, now called Fox, Lords of that territory of Muinter Tagan; MacGawley of Cabry, O'Dugan and O'Mulchoney,the prime antiquaries of Ireland; 6) Cairbre, ancestor of O'Flannagan of Tuath-Ratha, Muinter Cathalan or Cahill; 7) Fergus, a quo Cinel Fergusa; 8) Enna 9) Aongus 10) Aulthearg and 11) Fergus Ailtleathan. Of the last four I find no issue; of the rest of them and their issue more in due place. Source: Irish mythology - the Legendary Descent of the Irish Clans The Lebor Gabala Erren The Book of the Taking of Ireland Book of Leinster 1150 A.D. The Legendary Descent of the McLaughlins of Tirconnell Text from Roger O'Ferrall's "Linea Antiqua" ca. 1710 (As it appeared in Sir William Betham's transcription). Of all the great queens and ladies of Ireland, there was one Queen of many talents, who outshone many others, famous and quite capable in her own right. This great Queen, of whom Ireland rightly boast's, was Macha Mong Ruad (the Red-Haired) who reigned over the land in approximately 300 B.C. Her father, Aod Ruad (Red Hugh) was one of a triumvirate consisting of his brothers ~ Dithorba and Cimbaoth ~ who by mutual agreement took turns at seven year intervals in reigning. Aod Ruad was the first of the brothers to govern but met his death by drowning at Eas-Aod-Ruad (Assaore) ~ now known as Ballyshanny. At the death of Aod Ruad, his daughter, Macha stepped forth to claim her right to wear the crown, and refused to give up the realm, thereby becoming the first Milesian Queen of Ireland. But for this right, she had to battle her father's two brother's ~ which she willing did, conquering and slaying first Dithorba; then with equal skill and mastery she deftly turned her attention towards her father's remaining brother, first defeating Cimbaoth and then compelling him to wed her, thereby confirming her right to rule all of Ireland as queen. Which, had theanticipated result of settling everything. For many years the reign of Macha and Cimbaoth (which co-incides with that of the legendary Alexander the Great) marks the beginning of certainty in Irish history ~ according to the famed remark of the trusted eleventh century historian, Tighenach of Clonmacnoise, where he stated that such records prior to that reign were uncertain. Upon the death of her husband, Cimbaoth, Macha once again took up the sole reins of government herself. But the record above all others that this distinguished warrior and leader leaves to history is her founding of the ancient and oft storied stronghold, named after her ~ Emania Macha, later to become renown as the fortress of the Red Branch, which was for more than six hundred years to play a vital and most important role in the fortunes and history of Uladh (now Ulster) as well as that of Ireland itself. Today, Emania Macha is represented by the grassy ramparts of a great hill-fortress, now known as Navan Fort, about three miles north-west of Ard Macha (Armagh), A complete description and plan of the rath by H. d'Arbois de Jubainville may be found in the Revue Celtique, vo1. XVI, p. 1ff. "The five sons of Dithorba, having been expelled out of Ulster, fled acroos the Shannon and in the west of the kingdom plotted revenge against Macha. Then it was that the Queen went down alone into Connaught and there found the brothers. Thinking themselves alone and safe in the forest, the brothers, wearied with a successful hunt, were cooking a wild boar and resting before the freshly kindled fire. Suddenly, Macha appeared, her aspect grim and fearsome to behold, terrible and fierce as war itself but with bright and flashing eyes. One by one the brothers were inflamed by her sinister beauty, and one by one she overpowered them in battle and bound them. Taking her burden of the five sons of Dithorba back with her to the north. Where with the spear of her brooch she then marked out on the plain the circuit of the city of Emania Macha, whose very ramparts and trenches were constructed as punishment by the captives, laboring like slaves under her command." According to one of the derivations offered in Keating's "History of Ireland," the word Emain is derived from eo meaning a bodkin and the word muin meaning the neck. Emain then, translating roughly to brooch; Emania Macha meaning the Brooch of Macha. Now an Irish brooch then was a large circular wheel of either gold or other metal, crossed by a long pin in the center. The great circular rampart that surrounded a Celtic fortress could easily be likened to that of a brooch holding the cloak of a queen. It was Macha's foster-son, Ugani-Mor (the Great) who after succeeding her, led forth his armies into Britain to have his power and reign acknowledged there. After bringing the greater part of Britain to obedience to his rule, some traditions say that his ambitions led him forth onto the Continent where he also met with a great many victories and success's, thereby giving basis for the ancient seanchies styling him "King of Ireland and the whole of Western Europe as far as the Muir Torian" - the Mediterranean Sea. All of the leading families of Ulster, Leinster and Connaught trace their descent from Ugani Mor ~ the common father of those three great provinces. This many faceted woman, Macha Mong Ruad, indeed left a legacy befitting her. Neill 'of the Nine Hostages' - I- Maine 440 Fiachna Brian Brenand 575 II- Aed 588 Cremthainn IIIII- Blathmac 664 Ainmiri Ronan Baetlobur Domnall II - Congal Flannchadha II - Colla 736 Ruairc II - Bec 766 Brain II - Conchobor Echtigeirn II - Bresal Floinn III - Braigthe Gabalaigh Sittruic III - Mail Bendachta Finnachta Echtighern |___________ | | (O'Breen) Tadgan Mac Odhar |_________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | Cernachan Dubcend Dushlat Congal Mugaidi Fagaratch Machuda Gabalach |______________________ | | | Muirigen Cibleachan Cathalan |_____________________ | | Catharnach Congalach a quo Ui Catharnaigh (Ui Aodha Iartuig) |____________ | | Muredach Fagartach d. 1031-38 | ____________________________________________|__________________________________________ | | | | Tadg an Sinnach Find (teaftha taisigh) Becc an Sinnach Odhar Murchertach Cinaed d. 1086 Chieftain of Tethbha | an cleric (d. 1105) (Extinct) |________________________________ | |_________________ | | | | | | | Tadg Sinnach Muredach Sinnach Cinaed Catharnaigh an Sinnach Odhar Becc Fogartagh Sittriuc d. 1156 d. 1084 | | |_____________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Ruaidri Domnall Conchobor Sitriucc Niall Gilla Issue Dubthach Cinaed | (a priest) (a priest) | Neill d. 1184 | | Mael Ecloind Annals 1186 | | Congalaigh | Ruaidri | Neill d. 1233 * Fox Line of Direct Descent from the late Fifth Century, AD according to O'Clery's Pedigrees and an unpublished manuscript by Micahel Fox of Donegal, Fox Clan Historian. Niall of the Nine Hostages, ruled Ireland from 378-405 AD; his mother was the daughter of ? , King of Britain Maine, son of Niall; first ruler of Teathbha; d. c. 440 Brian, son of Maine Brannan or Brendan, son of Brian; granted land to St. Columkille which became Durrow Monastery and which produced the Book of Durrow Aogh(Hugh), son of Brannan; his brother (or possibly uncle), Creamthann, was ancestor of the Breens Bladmhach, son of Aogh; d. 664 Congall, son of Bladmhach Colla or Connla, son of Congall; d. c. 738 Becc (Beice), son of Connla; d. 770 Connor, one of 6 sons of Becc Braite (Giolla Brighid), son of Conor Maolbeanachtach: son of Giolla Brighid Tadhgan: son of Maolbeanachtach; although he was never king of Teffia, there are 20 kings of Teathbha which do share Tadhgan as a common ancestor, and so his role was pivotal. It is after him that the term "Muintir Tadhgain" is named. Cernachan, son of Tadhgan; it is likely Cernachan had three brothers: Becc, Connor, and Breasal Cathalann, son of Cernachan; at Durrow cemetary today there is a gravestone with the words "Or Do Cathalan" ("Pray for Cathalan" in Irish) on it. Cathiarnach, son of Cathalann. Fogartach, son of Catharnach; to offer a sense of time period here, Fogartach also had a brother, Muredach, who died somewhere between 1031 and 1038. Tadhg an Sinnach Find (Tadhg the Fair Fox), son of Fogartach; d. 1086; this is the first individual we find to be referred to as "Fox", although there is an earlier reference to "the Sinnacha" (the Foxes) in 1050 Tadhg Sinnach, son of Tadhg the Fair Fox; d. 1156 Ruaidhri, son of Tadhg Sinnach; lord of Teathbha in 1170 Niall, son of Ruaidhri; d. 1184 Mael Ecloind (Malachy), son of Niall; this is the Fox chief most likely behind the killing of Hugh De Lacy in 1186; possibly d. 1196 or 1224; he appears to have had at least two sons, Niall and Ruaidhri (Rory) Niall, son of Mael Ecloind; d. 1233; Niall appears to have had two sons whom he outlived: Muiredach, who died in 1201, and Congalaigh (see next entry) Congalaigh (Conor), son of Niall; d. 1227 (note here: Congalaigh died in 1227, but no name can be found for who fulfilled the role of the Sinnach after him, though it is clear that someone did - see next entry) Domnall, reported as son of "the Sinnagh"; reported in 1254 to have killed Murrough O'Melaghlin; he appears to have had a brother who carried on the family name - see next entry Ruaidhri, brother? of Domnall and son of the Fox chief; d. 1287 Niall Roe Fox, son of Ruaidhri; d. 1316 in the Battle of Athenry Muirchertach (Murray), son of Ruaidhri; d. 1370 Niall, son of Muirchertach Maine, son of Niall Cugory (Peregrine), son of Maine; d. 1446 Maine, son of Cugory; d. 1772 Caibre, son of Maine; d. 1500 Eoghan (Owen?), son of Caibre Breasal, son of Owen Hubert, son of Breasal; d. 1600 It is at approximately this point in time that the family breaks up into four separate branches: 1)Lehinch or Clara Foxes - Hubert's line, and sometimes considered the "main" line 2) Cloghatenny Foxes - Felim Fox, a cousin or nephew of Hubert's; Felim's land was primarily at the present-day area of Cloghatenny near Ballycumber 3)Kilmaledy Foxes - a Niall Fox and Breasall Fox are associated with these Foxes; the area is situated between Clara and Horseleap 4) Foxhall Foxes of County Longford - originated with a Patrick Fox, who became a succsseful Dublin merchant, who established himself in Longford (renaming the lands he purchased to Fox hall) and later Westmeath, where he was granted a castle, town and lands of Moyroe. Of course other Fox branches or sub-branches of these four lines also devevloped. Although there is much more subsequent information in our records, it is here that Fox History begins to become more a matter of Fox genealogy. We of course would love to hear from any Foxes who are able to trace themselves back to these lines or at leat believe they can trace back to these lines but only need further information to complete the link. ------------------------------ Pedigree: Gallamh 'Milesius' (King) in Spain. The Pedigree of Gallamh 'Milesius' (King) in Spain aka Mil (Mileadh Espane MacBile; numberous fantastic exploits; aka Galamh MIL'ESPAINE; eponym of MILESIAN Dynasty poss. Wives/Partners: Scota Tephi (Princess) of EGYPT; Seang (Princess of Sythia); sister-in-law of Solomon ben David; Scota Tephi Pedigree: Gallamh 'Milesius' (King) in Spain. The Pedigree of Gallamh 'Milesius' (King) in Spain aka Mil (Mileadh Espane MacBile); numerous fantastic exploits; aka Galamh MIL'ESPAINE; eponym of MILESIAN Dynasty (possible) wives/partners: Scota Tephi (Princess) of EGYPT; Seang (Princess of Sythia); sister-in-law of Solomon ben David; Scota Tephi Children: Heremon (2nd Monarch of Ireland; Ir (na Irena) MacMILED; Eber Finn MacMILED Anbergis; Amergin (Amairgin) Misr the Druid; Colpa na Gotia; Arneus (poss. Airioch Febhruadh); Dila; Donn de Galicia; etc. Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation By John O'Hart The descent of the Irish Celts from Adam 1. Adam 2. Seth 3. Enos 4. Cainan 5. Mahalaleel 6. Jared 7. Enoch 8. Methuselah 9. Lamech 10. Noah divided the world amongst his three sons, begotten of his wife Titea: viz., to Shem he gave Asia, within the Euphrates, to the Indian Ocean; to Ham he gave Syria, Arabia, and Africa; and to Japhet, the rest of Asia beyond the Euphrates, together with Europe to Gadea (or Cadiz). 11. Japhet was the eldest son of Noah. He had fifteen sons, amongst whom he divided Europe and the part of Asia which his father had allotted to him. 12. Magog: From whom descended the Parthians, Bactrians, Amazons, etc.; Parthalon, the first planter of Ireland, about three hundred years after the Flood; and also the rest of the colonies that planted there, viz., the Nemedians, who planted Ireland, Anno Mundi three thousand and forty-six, or three hundred and eighteen years after the birth of Abraham, and two thousand one hundred and fifty-three years before Christ. The Nemedians continued in Ireland for two hundred and seventeen years; within which time a colony of theirs went into the northern parts of Scotland, under the conduct of their leader Briottan Maol, from whom Britain takes its name, and not from "Brutus," as some persons believed. From Magog were also descended the Belgarian, Belgian, Firbolgian or Firvolgian colony that succeeded the Nemedians, Anno Mundi, three thousand two hundred and sixty-six, and who first erected Ireland into a Monarchy. [According to some writers, the Fomorians invaded Ireland next after the Nemedians.] This Belgarian of Firvolgian colony continued in Ireland for thirty-six years, under nine of their Kings; when they were supplanted by the Tuatha-de-Danann (which means, according to some authorities, "the people of the god Dan," whom they adored), who possessed Ireland for one hundred and ninety-seven years, during the reigns of nine of their kings; and who were then conquered by the Gaelic, Milesian, or Scotic Nation (the three names by which the Irish people were known), Anno Mundi three thousand five hundred. This Milesian or Scotic Irish Nation possessed and enjoyed the Kingdom of Ireland for two thousand eight hundred and eighty-five years, under one hundred and eighty-three Monarchs; until their submission to King Henry the Second of England, Anno Domini one thousand one hundred and eighty-six. 13. Boath, one of the sons of Magog; to whom Scythia came as his lot, upon the division of the Earth by Noah amongst his sons, and by Japhet of his part thereof amongst his sons. 14. Phoeniusa Farsaidh (or Fenius Farsa) was King of Scythia, at the time when Ninus ruled the Assyrian Empire; and, being a wise man and desirous to learn the languages that not long before confounded the builders of the Tower of Babel, employed able and learned men to go among the dispersed multitude to learn their several languages; who sometime after returning well skilled in what they went for, Phœniusa Farsaidh erected a school in the valley of Senaar, near the city of Æothena, in the forty-second year of the reign of Ninus; whereupon, having continued there with his younger son Niul for twenty years, he returned home to his kingdom, which, at his death, he left to the oldest son Nenuall; leaving to Niul no other patrimony than his learning and the benefit of the said school. 15. Niul, after his father returned to Scythia, continued some time at œothena, teaching the languages and other laudable sciences, until upon report of his great learning he was invited into Egypt by Pharaoh, the King; who gave him the land of Campus Cyrunt, near the Red Sea to inhabit, and his daughter Scota in marriage; from whom their posterity are ever since called Scots; but, according to some annalists, the name "Scots" is derived from the word Scythia. It was this Niul that employed Gaodhal [Gael], son of Ethor, a learned and skilful man, to compose or rather refine and adorn the language, called Bearla Tobbai, which was common to all Niul's posterity, and afterwards called Gaodhilg (or Gaelic), from the said Gaodhal who composed or refined it; and for his sake also Niul called his own eldest son "Gaodhal." 16. Gaodhal (or Gathelus), the son of Niul, and ancestor of Clan-na-Gael, that is, "the children or descendants of Gaodhal". In his youth this Gaodhal was stung in the neck by a serpent, and was immediately brought to Moses, who, laying his rod upon the wounded place, instantly cured him; whence followed the word "Glas" to be added to his named, as Gaodhal Glas (glas: Irish, green; Lat. glaucus; Gr. glaukos), on account of the green scar which the word signifies, and which, during his life, remained on his neck after the wound was healed. And Gaodhal obtained a further blessing, namely-that no venomous beast can live any time where his posterity should inhabit; which is verified in Creta or Candia, Gothia or Getulia, Ireland, etc. The Irish chroniclers affirm that from this time Gaodhal and his posterity did paint the figures of Beasts, Birds, etc., on their banners and shields, to distinguish their tribes and septs, in imitation of the Israelites; and that a "Thunderbolt" was the cognisance in their chief standard for many generations after this Gaodhal. 17. Asruth, after his father's death, continued in Egypt and governed his colony in peace during his life. 18. Sruth, soon after his father's death, was set upon by the Egyptians, on account of their former animosities towards their predecessors for having taken part with the Israelites against them; which animosities until then lay raked up in the embers, and now broke out in a flame to that degree, that after many battles and conflicts wherein most of his colony lost their live, Sruth was forced with the few remaining to depart the country; and, after many traverses at sea, arrived at the Island of Creta (now called Candia), where he paid his last tribute to nature. 19. Heber Scut (Scut: Irish, a Scot), after his father's death and a year's stay in Creta, departed thence, leaving some of his people to inhabit the Island, where some of their posterity likely still remain; "because the Island breeds no venomous serpent ever since." He and his people soon after arrived in Scythia; where his cousins, the posterity of Nenuall (eldest son of Fenius Farsa, above mentioned), refusing to allot a place of habitation form him and his colony, they fought many battles wherein Heber (with the assistance of some of the natives who were ill-affected towards their king), being always victor, he at length forced the sovereignty from the other, and settled himself and his colony in Scythia, who continued there for four generations. (Hence the epithet Scut, "a Scot" or "a Scythian," was applied to this Heber, who was accordingly called Heber Scot.) Heber Scot was afterwards slain in battle by Noemus the former king's son. 20. Baouman; 21 Ogaman; and 22. Tait, were each kings of Scythia, but in constant war with the natives; so that after Tait's death his son, 23. Agnon and his followers betook themselves to sea, wandering and coasting upon the Caspian Sean for several (some say seven) years in which time he died. 24. Lamhfionn and his fleet remained at sea for some time, after his father's death, resting and refreshing themselves upon such islands as they met with. It was then the Cachear, their magician or Druid, foretold that there would be no end of their peregrinations and travel until they should arrive at the Western Island of Europe, now called Ireland, which was the place destined for their future and lasting abode and settlement; and that not they but their posterity after three hundred years should arrive there. After many traverses of fortune at sea, this little fleet with their leader arrived at last and landed at Gothia or Geulia-more recently called Lybia, where Carthage was afterwards built; and, soon after, Lamhfionn died there. 25. Heber Glunfionn was born in Gothia, where he died. His posterity continued there to the eighth generation; and were kings or chief rulers there for one hundred and fifty years-some say three hundred years. 26 Agnan Fionn; 27. Febric Glas; 28. Nenuall; 29. Nuadhad; 30. Alladh; 31. Arcadh; and 32. Deag: of these nothing remarkable is mentioned, but that they lived and died kings in Gothia or Getulia. 33. Brath was born in Gothia. Remembering the Druid's prediction, and his people having considerably multiplied during their abode in Geulia, he departed thence with a numerous fleet to seek out the country destined for their final settlement, by the prophecy of Cachear, the Druid above mentioned; and, after some time, he landed upon the coast of Spain, and by strong hand settled himself and his colony in Galicia, in the north of that country. 34. Breoghan (or Brigus) was king of Galicia, Andalusia, Murcia, Castile, and Portugal-all of which he conquered. He built Breoghan's Tower or Brigantia in Galicia, and the city of Brigantia or Braganza in Portugal-called after him; and the kingdom of Castile was then also called after him Brigia. It is considered that "Castile" itself was so called from the figure of a castle which Brigus bore for his Arms on his banner. Brigus sent a colony into Britain, who settled in that territory now known as the counties of York, Lancaster, Durham, Westmoreland, and Cumberland, and, after him were called Brigantes; whose posterity gave formidable opposition to the Romans, at the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. 35. Bilé; was King of those countries after his father's death; and his son Galamh [galav] or Milesius succeeded him. This Bilé had a brother named Ithe . 36. Milesius, in his youth and in his father's life-time, went into Scythia, where he was kindly received by the king of that country, who gave him his daughter in marriage, and appointed him General of his forces. In this capacity Milesius defeated the king's enemies, gained much fame, and the love of all the king's subjects. His growing greatness and popularity excited against him the jealousy of the king; who, fearing the worst, resolved on privately dispatching Milesius our of the way, for, openly, he dare not attempt it. Admonished of the king's intentions in his regard, Milesius slew him; and thereupon quitted Scythia and retired into Egypt with a fleet of sixty sail. Pharaoh Nectonibus, then king of Egypt, being informed of his arrival and of his great valour, wisdom, and conduct in arms, made him General of all his forces against the king of Ethiopia then invading his country. Here, as in Scythia, Milesius was victorious; he forced the enemy to submit to the conqueror's own terms of peace. By these exploits Milesius found great favour with Pharaoh, who gave him, being then a widower, his daughter Scota in marriage; and kept him eight years afterwards in Egypt. During the sojourn of Milesius in Egypt, he employed the most ingenious and able persons among his people to be instructed in the several trades, arts, and sciences used in Egypt; in order to have them taught to the rest of his people on his return to Spain. [The original name of Milesius of Spain was "Galamh" (gall: Irish, a stranger; amh, a negative affix), which means, no stranger: meaning that he was no stranger in Egypt, where he was called "Milethea Spaine," which was afterwards contracted to "Miló Spaine" (meaning the Spanish Hero), and finally to "Milesiius" (mileadh: Irish, a hero; Lat. miles, a soldier).] At length Milesius took leave of his father-in-law, and steered towards Spain; where he arrived to the great joy and comfort of his people; who were much harassed by the rebellion of the natives and by the intrusion of other foreign nations that forced in after his father's death, and during his own long absence from Spain. With these and those he often met; and, in fifty-four battles, victoriously fought, he routed, destroyed, and totally extirpated them out of the country, which he settled in peace and quietness. In his reign a great dearth and famine occurred in Spain, of twenty-six years' continuance, occasioned, as well by reason of the former troubles which hindered the people from cultivating, and manuring the ground, as for want of rain to moisten the earth - but Milesius superstitiously believed the famine to have fallen upon him and his people as a judgment and punishment from their gods, for their negligence in seeking out the country destined for their final abode, so long before foretold by Cachear their Druid or magician, as already mentioned - the time limited by the prophecy for the accomplishment thereof being now nearly, if not fully, expired. To expiate his fault and to comply with the will of his gods, Milesius, with the general approbation of his people, sent his uncle Ithe, with his son Lughaidh [Luy], and one hundred and fifty stout men to bring them an account of those western islands; who, accordingly, arriving at the island since then called Ireland, and landing in that part of it now called Munster, left his son with fifty of his men to guard the ship, and with the rest travelled about the island. Informed, among other things, that the three sons of Cearmad, called Mac-Cuill, MacCeacht, and MacGreine, did then and for thirty years before rule and govern the island, each for one year, in his turn; and that the country was called after the names of their three queens - Eire, Fodhla, and Banbha, respectively: one year called "Eire," the next "Fodhla," and the next "Banbha," as their husbands reigned in their regular turns; by which names the island is ever since indifferently called, but most commonly "Eire," because that MacCuill, the husband of Eire, ruled and governed the country in his turn the year that the Clan-na-Milé (or the sons of Milesius) arrived in and conquered Ireland. And being further informed that the three brothers were then at their palace at Aileach Neid, in the north part of the country, engaged in the settlement of some disputes concerning their family jewels, Ithe directed his course thither; sending orders to his son to sail about with his ship and the rest of his men, and meet him there. When Ithe arrived where the (Danann) brothers were, be was honourably received and entertained by them; and, finding him to be a mail of great wisdom. and knowledge, they referred their disputes to him for decision. That decision having met their entire satisfaction, Ithe exhorted them to mutual love, peace, and forbearance; adding much in praise of their delightful, pleasant, and fruitful country; and then took his leave, to return to his ship, and go back to Spain. No sooner was he gone than the brothers; began to reflect on the high commendations which Ithe gave of the Island; and, suspecting his design of bringing others to invade it, resolved to prevent them, and therefore pursued him with a strong party, overtook him, fought and routed his men and wounded himself to death (before his son or the rest of his men left on ship-board could come to his rescue) at a place called, from that fight and his name, Magh Ithe or "The plain of Ithe" (an extensive plain in the barony of Raphoe, county Donegal); whence his son, having found him in that condition, brought his dead and mangled body back into Spain, and there exposed it to public view, thereby to excite his friends and relations to avenge his murder. [Note: that all the invaders and planters of Ireland, namely, Parthalonians, Neimhedh, the Firbolgs, Tuatha-de-Danann, and Clan-na-Milé, where originally Scythians, of the line of Japbet, who had the language called Bearla-Tobbai or Gaoidhilg [Gaelic] common amongst them all; and consequently not to be wondered at, that Ithe and the Tuatha-de-Danann understood one another without an Interpreter - both speaking the same language, though perhaps with some difference in the accent]. The exposing of the dead body of Ithe had the desired effect; for, thereupon, Milesius made great preparations in order to invade Ireland - as well to avenge his uncle's death, as also in obedience to the will of his gods, signified by the prophecy of Cachear, aforesaid. But, before he could effect that object, he died, leaving the care, and charge of that expedition upon his eight legitimate sons by his two wives before mentioned. Milesius was a very valiant champion, a great warrior, and fortunate and prosperous in all his undertakings: witness his name of "Milesius," given him from the many battles (some say a thousand, which the word "Milé" signifies in Irish as well as in Latin) which he victoriously fought and won, as well in Spain, as in all the other countries and kingdoms be traversed in his younger days. The eight brothers were neither forgetful nor negligent in the execution of their father's command; but, soon after his death, with a numerous fleet well manned and equipped, set forth from Breoghan's Tower or Brigantia (now Corunna) in Galicia, in Spain, and sailed prosperously to the coasts of Ireland or lnis-Fail, where they met many difficulties and various chances before they could land: occasioned by the diabolical arts, sorceries, and enchantments used by the Tuatha-de-Danann, to obstruct their landing; for, by their magic art, they enchanted the island so as to appear to the Milesians or Clan-na-Milé in the form of a Hog, and no way to come at it (whence the island, among the many other names it had before, was called "Muc-Inis or "The Hog Island"); and withal raised so great a storm, that the Milesian fleet was thereby totally dispersed and many of them cast away, wherein five of the eight brothers, sons of Milesius, lost their lives. That part of the fleet commanded by Heber, Heremon, and Amergin (the three surviving, brothers), and Heber Donn, son of Ir (one of the brothers lost in the storm), overcame all opposition, landed safe, fought and routed the three Tuatha-de Danann Kings at Slieve-Mis, and thence pursued and overtook them at Tailten, where another bloody battle was fought; wherein the three (Tuatha-de-Danann) Kings and their Queens were slain, and their army utterly routed and destroyed: so that they could never after give any opposition to the Clan-na-Milé in their new conquest; who, having thus sufficiently avenged the death of their great uncle Ithe, gained the possession of the country foretold them by Cachear, some ages past, as already mentioned. Heber and Heremon, the chief leading men remaining of the eight brothers, sons of Milesius aforesaid, divided the kingdom between them (allotting a proportion of land to their brother Amergin, who was their Arch-priest, Druid, or magician; and to their nephew Heber Donn, and to the rest of their chief commanders), and became jointly the first of one hundred and eighty-three Kings or sole Monarchs of the Gaelic, Milesian, or Scottish Race, that ruled and governed Ireland, successively, for two thousand eight hundred and eighty-five years from the first year of their reign), Anno Mundi three thousand five hundred, to their submission to the Crown of England in the person of King Henry the Second; who, being also of the Milesian Race by Maude, his mother, was lineally descended from Fergus Mór MacEarca, first King of Scotland, who was descended from the said Heremon - so that the succession may be truly said to continue in the Milesian Blood from before Christ one thousand six hundred and ninety-nine years down to the present time. Heber and Heremon reigned jointly one year only, when, upon a difference between their ambitious wives, they quarrelled and fought a battle at Ardeath or Geshill (Geashill, near Tullamore in the King's County), where Heber was slain by Heremon; and, soon after, Amergin, who claimed an equal share in the government, was, in another battle fought between them, likewise slain by Heremon. Thus, Heremon became sole Monarch, and made a new division of the land amongst his comrades and friends, viz.: the south part, now called Munster, he gave to his brother Heber's four sons, Er, Orba, Feron, and Fergna; the north part, now Ulster, he gave to Ir's only son Heber Donn; the east part or Coigeadh, Galian, now called Leinster, be gave to Criomthann-sciath-bheil, one of his commanders; and the west part, now called Connaught, Heremon gave to Un-Mac-Oigge, another of his commanders; allotting a part of Munster to Lughaidh (the son of Ithe, the first Milesian discoverer of Ireland), amongst his brother Heber's sons. From these three brothers, Heber, Ir, and Heremon (Amergin dying without issue), are descended all the Milesian Irish of Ireland and Scotland, viz.: from Heber, the eldest brother, the provincial Kings of Munster (of whom thirty-eight were sole Monarchs of Ireland), and most of the nobility and gentry of Munster, and many noble families in Scotland, are descended. From Ir, the second brother, all the provincial Kings of Ulster (of whom twenty-six were sole Monarchs of Ireland), and all the ancient nobility and gentry of Ulster, and many noble families in Leinster, Munster, and Connaught, derive their pedigrees; and, in Scotland, the Clan-na-Rory - the descendants of an eminent man, named Ruadhri or Roderick, who was Monarch of Ireland for seventy years (viz., from Before Christ 288 to 218). From Heremon, the youngest of the three brothers, were descended one hundred and fourteen sole Monarchs of Ireland: the provincial Kings and Hermonian nobility and gentry of Leinster, Connaught, Meath, Orgiall, Tirowen, Tirconnell, and Clan-na-boy; the Kings of Dalriada; all the Kings of Scotland from Fergus Mór MacEarea, down to the Stuarts; and the Kings and Queens of England from Henry the Second down to tile present time. The issue of Ithe is not accounted among the Milesian Irish or Clan-na-Milé, as not being descended from Milesius, but from his uncle Ithe; of whose posterity there were also some Monarchs of Ireland (see Roll of the Irish Monarchs, infra), and many provincial or half provincial Kings of Munster: that country upon its first division being allocated to the sons of Heber and to Lughaidh, son of Ithe, whose posterity continued there accordingly. This invasion, conquest, or plantation of Ireland by the Milesian or Scottish Nation took place in the Year of the World three thousand Ova hundred, or the next year after Solomon began the foundation of the Temple of Jerusalem, and one thousand six hundred and ninety-nine years before the Nativity of our Saviour Jesus Christ; which, according to the Irish computation of Time, occurred Anno Mundi five thousand one hundred and ninety-nine: therein agreeing with the Septuagint, Roman Martyrologies, Eusebius, Orosius, and other ancient authors; which computation the ancient Irish chroniclers exactly observed in their Books of the Reigns of the Monarchs of Ireland, and other Antiquities of that Kingdom ; out of which the Roll of the Monarchs of Ireland, from the beginning of the Milesian Monarchy to their submission to King Henry the Second of England, a Prince of their own Blood, is exactly collected. [As the Milesian invasion of Ireland took place the next year after the laying of the foundation of the Temple of Jerusalem by Solomon, King of Israel, we may infer that Solomon was contemporary with Milesius of Spain; and that the Pharaoh King of Egypt, who (1 Kings iii. 1,) gave his daughter in marriage to Solomon, was the Pharaoh who conferred on Milesius of Spain the hand of another daughter Scota.] Milesius of Spain bore three Lions in his shield and standard, for the following reasons; namely, that, in his travels in his younger days into foreign countries, passing through Africa, he, by his cunning and valour, killed in one morning three Lions; and that, in memory of so noble and valiant an exploit, he always after bore three Lions on his shield, which his two surviving sons Heber and Heremon, and his grandson Heber Donn, son of Ir, after their conquest of Ireland, divided amongst them, as well as they did the country: each of them. bearing a Lion in his shield and banner, but of different colours; which the Chiefs of their posterity continue to this day: some with additions and differences; others plain and entire as they had it from their ancestors. The Celts of Ireland descend from three sons of Milesius, (37-1 Heremon , 37-2 Heber and 37-3 Ir ) and from his uncle (35-1 Ithe ) True Irish history begins with the introduction of Christianity and Latin literacy, beginning in the 5th century or slightly before. When compared to neighbouring Insular societies, early Christian Ireland is extremely well documented, but these sources are not easy to interpret. Many questions remain unanswered and the study of early Christian Ireland continues to produce new theories and new discoveries. Since the later 19th century, when scholars such as Kuno Meyer and Whitley Stokes applied an increasingly rigorous approach to the study of written sources, a great deal of new information has been extracted from the written material. New fields, such as paleobotany, have contributed to the debate, while the volume of archaeological evidence has increased. Ecclesiastical history The first reliable historical event in Irish history, recorded in the Chronicle of Prosper of Aquitaine , is the ordination by Pope Celestine I of Palladius as the first bishop to Irish Christians in 431. Prosper says in his Contra Collatorem that by this act Celestine "made the barbarian island Christian", although it is clear the Christianisation of the island was a longer and more gradual process. The mission of Saint Patrick is traditionally dated around the same time - the earliest date for his arrival in Ireland in the Irish annals is 432 - although Patrick's own writings contain nothing securely dateable.[1] It is likely that Palladius' activities were in the south of Ireland, perhaps associated with Cashel , while Patrick's were later, in the north, and associated with Armagh . By the early 6th century the church had developed separate dioceses, with bishops as the most senior ecclesiastical figures, but the country was still predominantly pagan. The monastic movement, headed by abbots, took hold in the mid 6th century, and by 700 Ireland was at least nominally a Christian country, with the church fully part of Irish society. The status of ecclesiastics was regulated by secular law, and many leading ecclesiastics came from aristocratic Irish families. Monasteries in the 8th century even went to war with each other.[2] From the 7th century on, Irish churchmen such as Columbanus and Columba were active in Gaul , in Scotland and in Anglo-Saxon England . The mixing of Irish, Pictish and Anglo-Saxon styles created the Insular style of art, represented by the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Kells . Ireland's reputation for scholarship was such that many scholars travelled from Britain and the European mainland to study in Irish schools. The Irish people (Irish : Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European ethnic group who originate in Ireland , in north western Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies), with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded[7] as the Nemedians , Fomorians , Fir Bolgs , Tuatha Dé Danann and the Milesians (in legend - there is no written historical record before the 6th century)-the last group supposedly representing the "pure" Gaelic ancestry, and still serving as a term for the Irish race today. The main groups that interacted with the Irish in the Middle Ages include the Scottish people and the Vikings , with the Icelanders especially having some Irish descent. The Anglo-Norman invasion of the High Middle Ages, the English plantations and the subsequent English rule of the country introduced the Normans , Welsh , Flemish , Anglo-Saxons , and Bretons into Ireland. Milesians are a people figuring in Irish mythology . The descendants of Míl Espáine , they were the final inhabitants of Ireland , and were believed to represent the Goidelic (or Gaelic ) Celts . Myth The Lebor Gabála (Book of Invasions - probably first written in the second half of the 11th century AD) describes the origin of the Gaelic people. They descended from Goídel Glas , a Scythian who was present at the fall of the Tower of Babel , and Scota , a daughter of a pharaoh of Egypt . Two branches of their descendants left Egypt and Scythia at the time of the Exodus of Moses , and after a period of wandering the shores of the Mediterranean arrived in the Iberian Peninsula , where they settled after several battles. One of them, Breogán , built a tower at a place called Brigantia (probably in the coast of Galicia , near A Coruña (Corunna), which was then "Brigantia" and where a Celtic tribe called "Brigantes" is attested in ancient times - see Tower of Hercules ) from the top of which he, or his son Íth, first saw Ireland.[1] [2] Íth made the first expedition to Ireland, but was killed by the three kings of Ireland, Mac Cuill , Mac Cecht , and Mac Gréine of the Tuatha Dé Danann . In revenge the eight sons of Íth's brother Míl Espáine (the "Soldier of Hispania ", whose given name was Golam), led an invasion force to defeat the Tuatha Dé and conquer Ireland. The sons of Míl landed in County Kerry and fought their way to Tara . On the way, the wives of the three kings, Ériu , Banba and Fodla requested that the island be named after them: Ériu is the earlier form of the modern name Éire , and Banba and Fodla were often used as poetic names for Ireland, much as Albion is for Britain . At Tara the sons of Míl met the three kings, and it was decreed that the invaders return to their ships and sail a distance of nine waves from Ireland, and if they were able to land again, Ireland would be theirs. They set sail, but the Tuatha Dé used magic to brew up a storm, in which five of the sons were drowned, leaving only Eber Finn, Eremon and Amergin the poet, to land and take the island. Amergin divided the kingship between Éremon , who ruled the northern half, and Éber Finn , the southern.[3] Legacy In the historical scheme proposed by T. F. O'Rahilly the descent of the kings of Ireland from the sons of Míl is a fiction intended to provide legitimacy for the Goidels, who invaded Ireland in the 1st or 2nd century BC, giving them the same ancient origin as the indigenous peoples they dominated. However, it has been argued[4] that the story is a much later invention of medieval Irish historians, inspired by their knowled